Does season regulate heterochronous leaf growth? Mechanisms of petiole-lamina trade-offs in broad-leaved woody plants of the Tianshan Mountains.

As the core of leaf functional traits, the trade-off relationship between the petiole and lamina expresses the plant's adaptability to the environment in terms of support structure and photosynthesis. We investigated the proportions of allometric growth in the relationship between the petiole and the lamina of broadleaf woody plants in temperate highland Tianshan Mountains montane forests through three dimensions (length, area, and mass), including the length of the lamina (LL) and the length of the petiole (PL), and the area of the lamina (LA) and petiole cross sectional area (PCA) versus the mass of the lamina (LM) and the mass of the petiole (PM), as well as exploring the characteristics of the variance in response to seasonal changes. We found that the functional traits in all three dimensions showed a clear convergent evolution as the seasons progressed, that is, a "seasonal effect" of increasing and then decreasing.

Multi-effect synergistic induction of unsaturated MnO on sandy sediment for enhanced manganese adsorption and byproduct resource recovery in solar evaporation.

The efficient removal of Mn(II) from wastewater is crucial for safeguarding water quality, yet existing adsorbents face significant challenges, including high costs, poor resistance to ionic interference, and scalability limitations. This study addresses these challenges by utilizing abundant natural sandy sediment (SS) as a substrate to load unsaturated MnO via in-situ oxidation, creating a novel adsorbent (MOSS). MOSS exhibits a remarkable Mn(II) adsorption capacity of 1.

Epigenetics in the modern era of crop improvements.

Epigenetic mechanisms are integral to plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental stimuli. Over the past two decades, our comprehension of these complex regulatory processes has expanded remarkably, producing a substantial body of knowledge on both locus-specific mechanisms and genome-wide regulatory patterns. Studies initially grounded in the model plant Arabidopsis have been broadened to encompass a diverse array of crop species, revealing the multifaceted roles of epigenetics in physiological and agronomic traits.

Time-varying 3D optical torque via a single beam.

The spin angular momentum (SAM) plays a significant role in light-matter interactions. It is well known that light carrying SAM can exert optical torques on micro-objects and drive rotations, but 3D rotation around an arbitrary axis remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate full control of the 3D optical torque acting on a trapped microparticle by tailoring the vectorial SAM transfer.

Calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasm: a clinicopathological and molecular analysis.

Aims: Calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasm (CCMN) is a recently identified category of soft tissue neoplasms defined by cartilage or cartilaginous matrix formation and gene fusions. Its rarity and similarities to other soft tissue tumours pose diagnostic challenges. This study aims to deepen understanding of CCMN, highlighting molecular pathology's role in diagnosis to reduce misdiagnosis, overdiagnosis and overtreatment.