Immune responses of cattle vaccinated by various routes with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).

Background: Mycobacterium bovis BCG is the human tuberculosis vaccine and is the oldest vaccine still in use today with over 4 billion people vaccinated since 1921. The BCG vaccine has also been investigated experimentally in cattle and wildlife by various routes including oral and parenteral. Thus far, oral vaccination studies of cattle have involved liquid BCG or liquid BCG incorporated into a lipid matrix.

Multidisciplinary nursing care in chronic Chagas disease: a scoping review.

Background: Nurses provide essential care for symptomatic chronic Chagas disease carriers, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, offering crucial support, symptom management, medication administration, and monitoring to enhance their health-related quality of life.

Objective: To increase healthcare professionals' awareness of the critical role played by high-quality care in the management of patients with chronic Chagas disease.

Methods: This scoping review employed the PRISMA-ScR method as a framework for article selection.

Environmental triggers and ecological implications of a harmful algal bloom in the northern Arabian/Persian Gulf: Insights into the driving forces and consequences.

The Arabian/Persian Gulf, a marginal sea of the northern Indian Ocean, has been significantly impacted by human activities, leading to a rise in harmful algal blooms (HABs). This study investigates the summer blooming of an ichthyotoxic phytoflagellate Chattonella marina var. antiqua and associated fish-kill in Kuwaiti waters, connecting the events to a previous dust storm and eutrophication status in the coastal waters of the Northern Arabian Gulf (NAG).

sp. nov, . sp. nov, . sp. nov, . sp. nov and . sp. nov: five new species isolated from water sources in the Midwestern United States.

Isolates of spp. were cultured from water sources at five different sites in central Iowa in the Midwestern United States and characterized by whole-genome sequencing. Isolates were helix-shaped and motile.