Recent advances in autoimmune encephalitis.

Since the description of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies (anti-NMDARE) in 2007, more than 12 other clinical syndromes and antibodies have been reported. In this article, we review recent advances in pathophysiology, genetics, diagnosis pitfalls, and clinical phenotypes of AE associated with cell surface antibodies and anti-GAD associated neurological syndromes. Genetic studies reported human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations for anti-LGI1, anti-Caspr2, anti-IgLON5, and anti-GAD.

Low oral health literacy, dental caries, and school features are associated with reasons for seeking dental services among adolescents.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate associations between reasons for seeking dental services, considering the last dental appointment of adolescents, and their educational features, socioeconomic and oral health status, and oral health literacy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 746 adolescents aged 15-19 years in Campina Grande (Paraíba), Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a socioeconomic questionnaire.

Racial and nonracial discrimination and tobacco use among high school students in California.

Background: The public health literature has established a relationship between discrimination, health outcomes, and health and well-being in adolescence. The objective of this study is to add vaping to the existing studies on discrimination and tobacco use among youth. To achieve this objective, the analysis examined the relationship between discrimination, type of discrimination, and current tobacco use, including current vape use, among adolescents in California.

Hereditary pontine and extrapontine brain malformations in Brazilian Tabapuã cattle.

A congenital neurologic disorder affected a herd of Tabapuã cattle. Of 98 newborn calves, 12 (12%) were affected; they were sired by 3 related bulls. This frequency suggested a genetic disorder caused by an autosomal recessive gene.