Naturally-occurring nematicides of plant origin: two decades of novel chemistries.

Plant-parasitic nematodes are among the most destructive plant pathogens, resulting in a global annual economic loss of about 358 billion dollars. Using synthetic nematicides to control plant-parasitic nematodes has resulted in broad-spectrum toxicity to the environment. Plant-derived secondary metabolites have recently emerged as viable options that provide effective, greener, and renewable routes for managing plant-parasitic nematodes in various cropping systems.

A receptor for dual ligands governs plant immunity and hormone response and is targeted by a nematode effector.

In this study, we show that the potato () pattern recognition receptor (PRR) NEMATODE-INDUCED LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT (LRR)-RLK1 (StNILR1) functions as a dual receptor, recognizing both nematode-associated molecular pattern ascaroside #18 (Ascr18) and plant hormone brassinosteroid (BR) to activate two different physiological outputs: pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and BR response. Ascr18/BR-StNILR1 signaling requires the coreceptor potato BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (StBAK1) and perception of either ligand strengthens StNILR1 interaction with StBAK1 in plant cells. Significantly, the parasitically successful potato cyst nematode () utilizes the effector RHA1B, which is a functional ubiquitin ligase, to target StNILR1 for ubiquitination-mediated proteasome-dependent degradation, thereby countering Ascr18/BR-StNILR1-mediated PTI in potato and facilitating nematode parasitism.

Evaluation of Solanaceous Species as Nonhost Trap Crops for .

, the pale cyst nematode (PCN), is a quarantine pest of potato posing a serious threat to the Idaho potato industry. only hatches in the presence of a hatching stimulus produced by a host plant or closely related species. In the absence of this hatching stimulus, can remain viable in the soil for decades.

Toxic Effects of the Trap Crop on the Hatch and Viability of .

, the pale cyst nematode, is a quarantined potato pest first found in Idaho in 2006. The containment and eradication of this economically devastating pest has been the focus of control since its discovery. survives for 30+ years in soil and can cause up to 80% yield loss in susceptible potato varieties.