Waiting for transgender care and its effects on health and equality: a mixed-methods population study in the Netherlands.

Background: Access to gender-affirming medical care has life-saving effects on transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals. An increasing number of TGD individuals seek care which led to waiting times of years. We assessed the duration and effects of excessive waiting for gender-affirming care.

Impact of enriched environment on motor performance and learning in mice.

Neuroscience heavily relies on animal welfare in laboratory rodents as it can significantly affect brain development, cognitive function and memory formation. Unfortunately, laboratory animals are often raised in artificial environments devoid of physical and social stimuli, potentially leading to biased outcomes in behavioural assays. To assess this effect, we examined the impact of social and physical cage enrichment on various forms of motor coordination.

Membrane permeabilization and cellular death of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as induced by high pressure carbon dioxide treatment.

In this study, the relationship between (irreversible) membrane permeabilization and loss of viability in Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells subjected to high pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) treatment at different process conditions including temperature (35-45 degrees C), pressure (10.5-21.0 MPa) and treatment time (0-60 min) was examined.

The development of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes variants resistant to high-pressure carbon dioxide inactivation.

Aims: The objective of this study was to investigate whether bacterial cells could develop resistance (as a part of their adaptation strategy) to high-pressure CO(2) (HPCD) inactivation.

Methods And Results: Alternating cycles of exposure to pressurized CO(2) (10.5 MPa, 35 degrees C, 400 min(-1), 70% working volume ratio during 10 min) and re-growth of the surviving subpopulation were used to investigate possible increases in the resistance of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes to HPCD.

Influence of type of microorganism, food ingredients and food properties on high-pressure carbon dioxide inactivation of microorganisms.

High pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) treatment is currently considered as an attractive non-thermal process for preserving food. Industrial application of this technique requires, among others, systematic (quantitative) data on the inactivation of food relevant pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, and in-depth information on the effect that the composition and the properties of a food matrix have on the inactivation efficacy. The first objective of this study, therefore, is to evaluate and compare the HPCD susceptibility of several food pathogens and spoilage microorganisms under the same treatment conditions.