Hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in children: incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcome.

Background: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a multisystemic disease. In a nationwide study, we characterized the incidence, clinical course, and prognosis of HUS caused by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains with emphasis on risk factors, disease severity, and long-term outcome.

Methods: The data on pediatric HUS patients from 2000 to 2016 were collected from the medical records.

Long-term pulmonary function in children with recessive polycystic kidney disease.

Background: Neonatal autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is associated with pulmonary hypoplasia and severe respiratory distress. There is no published information on long-term lung function in ARPKD survivors.

Methods: Pulmonary function tests, including spirometry and diffusion capacity, were performed in a nationwide cohort of Finnish paediatric patients with ARPKD.

Relation of bronchial and alveolar nitric oxide to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in atopic children and adolescents.

Background And Objective: Exercise challenge test is widely used in diagnostics and follow-up of childhood asthma, but the method is complex, time consuming, and expensive. In this study, we aimed to find out whether flow-independent nitric oxide (NO) parameters (bronchial NO flux [J'aw(NO)] and alveolar NO concentration [CA(NO)]) predict exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in atopic children and adolescents with asthma-like symptoms. Also, the respective NO parameters corrected for axial backward diffusion (J'aw(NO) [TMAD] and CA(NO) [TMAD]) were calculated and included in the analysis.

Increased bronchial NO output in severe atopic eczema in children and adolescents.

Atopic children have an increased risk for asthma, which is preceded by bronchial inflammation. Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) measured at multiple exhalation flow rates can be used to assess alveolar NO concentration and bronchial NO flux, which reflect inflammation in lung periphery and central airways, respectively. Exhaled breath condensate is another non-invasive method to measure lung inflammation.

Alpha/beta intraepithelial lymphocytes, serum gliadin antibodies and allergy test positivity in children.

Aim: To determine whether the amount of alphabeta-positive intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) is connected to allergy test positivity in children with gastrointestinal symptoms and whether elevated serum gliadin antibodies have any role in the diagnosis.

Methods: Twenty-seven children suffering from gastrointestinal-symptoms in whom intestinal biopsies had previously been obtained via endoscopy or with capsule biopsy to exclude coeliac disease were included into the study. The other inclusion criteria were increased amounts of CD3 and alphabeta-positive IELs with normal amounts of gammadelta-positive IELs in duodenal or jejunal biopsy specimens.