Nature of Charge Carrier Recombination in CuWO Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting.

CuWO is a ternary semiconductor oxide with excellent visible light harvesting properties up to 550 nm and stability at high pH values, which make it a suitable material to build photoanodes for solar light conversion to hydrogen via water splitting. In this work, we studied the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of transparent CuWO electrodes with tunable light absorption and thickness, aiming at identifying the intrinsic bottlenecks of photogenerated charge carriers in this semiconductor. We found that electrodes with optimal CuWO thickness exhibit visible light activity due to the absorption of long-wavelength photons and a balanced electron and hole extraction from the oxide.

Geochemical characterisation of the thermo-mineral waters of Greece.

Geothermal areas of Greece are located in regions affected by recent volcanism and in continental basins characterised by elevated heat flow. Many of them are found along the coast, and thus, water is often saline due to marine intrusion. In the current study, we present about 300 unpublished and literature data from thermal and cold mineral waters collected along Greece.

[Smallpox vaccination in Siena during the Napoleonic era].

Smallpox vaccination encountered several obstacles to its widespread adoption in the years following its discovery by Jenner in 1798 due to practical problems (vaccine availability) and weak support from health authorities. In the present paper the author describes the problems related to smallpox vaccination in the Siena area and how such problems were overcome. Vaccination was first practised in this region at the beginning of the 19th century thanks to Elisa Bonaparte's efforts and support, who set a fine example by vaccinating her own children personally.