Cumulative pain-related stress and developmental outcomes among low-risk preterm infants at one year corrected age.

Background: Extensive exposure of preterm infants to pain-related stress (PRS) at a time of physiological immaturity and rapid brain development may contribute to altered neurodevelopment.

Objective: To examine the relationship between early PRS and neurodevelopmental outcomes among low-risk very preterm infants at the age of one year corrected age (CA).

Methods: Participants included 107 infants born <32weeks gestational age (GA) and monitored prospectively at 12.

Green algal infection of American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) exoskeletal structures.

Degenerative lesions in the dorsum of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) exoskeleton, eyes, arthrodial membrane, and base of the telson were documented in a population of wild caught laboratory animals. The disease can lead to loss of tissue structure and function, deformed shells, abnormal molting, loss of ocular structures, erosion of interskeletal membranes, and cardiac hemorrhage. Microscopy, histopathology, and in vitro culture confirmed the causative agent to be a green algae of the family Ulvaceae.

Foregoing life-sustaining treatment in an Israeli ICU.

Objective: To determine whether physicians in Israel withhold and/or withdraw life-sustaining treatments.

Design: A prospective, descriptive study of consecutively admitted patients. Patients were prospectively evaluated for diagnoses, types and reasons for foregoing life-sustaining treatment, mortality and times from foregoing therapy until mortality.

A Viral Disease of the Ivory Barnacle, Balanus eburneus, Gould (Crustacea, Cirripedia).

The known diseases of the Class Cirripedia are reviewed. A previously unreported viral disease of the ivory barnacle, Balanus eburneus is described. The results of light and electron microscopic examinations of viral-infected tissues of an ivory barnacle are reported.