Wrist actigraph versus self-report in normal sleepers: sleep schedule adherence and self-report validity.

This study compared the accuracy of reporting adherence to sleep instructions in participants who were informed that adherence would be verified with an actigraph (aware group) to participants not informed the actigraph would be used to assess adherence (unaware of group). Participants were college students (N = 68), who were screened for psychiatric or sleep disorders or extremes in circadian tendency. The UG had later actigraph estimates of bedtime than the AG, but the two groups did not differ on their self-report of adherence to the sleep rules.

Behavioral and hypnotic treatments for insomnia subtypes.

This investigation compared progressive muscle relaxation plus cognitive distraction (PMR/CD), hypothesized to better improve sleep onset, versus sleep restriction and stimulus control (SR/SC), hypothesized to better improve sleep maintenance, versus a flurazepam (Dalmane) positive contrast condition (MED) and a sleep hygiene education minimal treatment control condition (SHE). Participants with chronic insomnia (N = 53), completed 2 baseline weeks of sleep diaries, and were randomly assigned to a treatment group for 2 more weeks. In the second phase, PMR/CD participants were assigned to 2 weeks of PMR/CD + SR/SC + SHE while SHE participants continued SHE.

[Our method for routine examination of kidney bioptic material by light, immunofluorescence and electron-microscopy].

Authors describe their own method for the investigation of needle-biopsy of kidney using light-, and electron microscopy and immunofluorescent technique as well. Small pieces are cut from both end of the needle-biopsy-cylinder and are embedded for electron microscopy. From the larger central part of it cryostat sections are made (at -20 degrees C) for the immunofluorescent study.