Persistent swallowing disorders after extubation in mechanically ventilated patients in ICU: a two-center prospective study.

Background: Persistent swallowing disorders (SD) are non-pulmonary complications of mechanical ventilation (MV). However, there are few clinical studies on persistent SD in critically ill patients undergoing tracheal intubation for MV. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence and characteristics of clinical manifestations associated with persistent SD.

Toward the development of 3-dimensional virtual reality video tutorials in the French neurosurgical residency program. Example of the combined petrosal approach in the French College of Neurosurgery.

Background: The present study developed 3D video tutorials with commentaries, using virtual reality headsets (VRH). VRHs allow 3D visualization of complex anatomy from the surgeon's point of view. Students can view the surgery repeatedly without missing the essential steps, simultaneously receiving advice from a group of experts in the field.

Radiologic versus endoscopic placement of percutaneous gastrostomy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: multivariate analysis of tolerance, efficacy, and survival.

Purpose: To compare percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (PRG) and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in terms of tolerance, efficacy, and survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Materials And Methods: Forty patients with ALS (17 men; mean age, 66.1 years; range, 39-83 y) underwent 21 PEG and 22 PRG attempts (including three unsuccessful PEG attempts) from 1999 to 2005.

[Image-guided percutaneous gastrostomy].

Gastrostomy is mainly used to provide longterm enteral nutrition. Percutaneous techniques are generally preferred to surgery except for specific cases. Image-guided percutaneous gastrostomy, currently used less than the gastroscopy-guided technique, is a simple, reliable and advantageous technique in managing these frequently debilitated patients.

[The retro-auricular, transmastoid, infralabyrinth approach. A simple route for excision of tumors of the jugular foramen].

Background: The jugular foramen is a complex area of the skull base. Its contents, the anatomical relationships in the region, and its location at the skull base, are responsible for problematic surgical approaches. The classical infratemporal surgical routes remain complex and difficult to perform.