Publications by authors named "L Labadini"
Recent and emerging environmental policies have boosted the investigation of pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDI) that have a minimal impact on climate change. There is a current move away from existing hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-based propellants, specifically the hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)-134a and HFA-227ea based pMDI products that are approved for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), towards those that use low global warming potential (LGWP) propellants. Changing the propellant to, for example, the less environmentally-damaging HFA-152a, is a focus for many manufacturers.
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- Early pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) used chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as propellants, which harmed the ozone layer, leading to their phase-out under the 1987 Montreal Protocol.
- Current pMDIs now use hydrofluoroalkanes (HFAs), like HFA-134a, which do not deplete ozone but contribute to global warming, prompting a gradual reduction in their use.
- Instead of switching to dry powder inhalers (DPIs), which may not be suitable for all patients, an alternative is to reformulate pMDIs to use low-global warming potential propellants like HFA-152a, addressing environmental impact while considering patient