A revised and extended systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder.

This study aimed to systematically review the evidence for an association between adversity experienced in childhood (≤ 17 years old), and the diagnosis of psychiatric disorder in adulthood. Electronic databases (Scopus, Medline (for Ovid), EMBASE, and PsychINFO) were searched for peer-reviewed, longitudinal cohort studies examining child or adolescent exposure to adversity, and adult-diagnosed depression, anxiety, psychotic disorder, eating disorders, substance abuse disorder, illness anxiety disorder, somatoform disorder, or personality disorder. A total of 39 manuscripts were retained.

Topological Alteration Is Associated with Non-dependent Alcohol Use in Bipolar Disorder.

Structural alterations in cortical thickness and the microstructural organization of white matter are independently associated with non-dependent alcohol consumption and bipolar disorder (BD). Identifying their interactive and network-level effects on brain topology may identify the impact of alcohol on reward and emotion circuitry, and its contribution to relapse in BD. Thirty-four BD-I (DSM-IV-TR) and 38 healthy controls (HC) underwent T1 and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scanning, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption to assess alcohol use.

Normalization of impaired emotion inhibition in bipolar disorder mediated by cholinergic neurotransmission in the cingulate cortex.

The muscarinic-cholinergic system is involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), and contributes to attention and the top-down and bottom-up cognitive and affective mechanisms of emotional processing, functionally altered in BD. Emotion processing can be assessed by the ability to inhibit a response when the content of the image is emotional. Impaired regulatory capacity of cholinergic neurotransmission conferred by reduced M-autoreceptor availability is hypothesized to play a role in elevated salience of negative emotional distractors in euthymic BD relative to individuals with no history of mood instability.

Aberrant Subnetwork and Hub Dysconnectivity in Adult Bipolar Disorder: A Multicenter Graph Theory Analysis.

Neuroimaging evidence implicates structural network-level abnormalities in bipolar disorder (BD); however, there remain conflicting results in the current literature hampered by sample size limitations and clinical heterogeneity. Here, we set out to perform a multisite graph theory analysis to assess the extent of neuroanatomical dysconnectivity in a large representative study of individuals with BD. This cross-sectional multicenter international study assessed structural and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 109 subjects with BD type 1 and 103 psychiatrically healthy volunteers.

White matter microstructure and structural networks in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients after commencing clozapine treatment: A longitudinal diffusion imaging study.

This study investigates changes on white matter microstructure and neural networks after 6 months of switching to clozapine in schizophrenia patients compared to controls, and whether any changes are related to clinical variables. T1 and diffusion-weighted MRI images were acquired at baseline before commencing clozapine and after 6 months of treatment for 22 patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and 23 controls. The Tract-based spatial statistics approach was used to compare changes over time between groups in fractional anisotropy (FA).