Kinetics of Abacavir-Induced Remodelling of the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Peptide Repertoire.

Abacavir hypersensitivity syndrome can occur in individuals expressing the HLA-B*57:01 major histocompatibility complex class I allotype when utilising the drug abacavir as a part of their anti-retroviral regimen. The drug is known to bind within the HLA-B*57:01 antigen binding cleft, leading to the selection of novel self-peptide ligands, thus provoking life-threatening immune responses. However, the sub-cellular location of abacavir binding and the mechanics of altered peptide selection are not well understood.

Advanced core-shell EDTA-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles for rapid and efficient magnetic solid phase extraction of heavy metals from water samples prior to the multi-element determination by ICP-OES.

A method for preconcentration and simultaneous determination of trace heavy metals in water media by core-shell superparamagnetic nanoparticles with the immobilized derivative of ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (referred to as MNPs/SiO-EDTA) is proposed. The specific layer-by-layer covering of magnetite endowed the new material with essentially increased chemical stability of MNPs including acidic media and improved the affinity toward traces of toxic metal ions. The initial and modified materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopies, elemental analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry.

IL-23 costimulates antigen-specific MAIT cell activation and enables vaccination against bacterial infection.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are activated in a TCR-dependent manner by antigens derived from the riboflavin synthesis pathway, including 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-d-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU), bound to MHC-related protein-1 (MR1). However, MAIT cell activation in vivo has not been studied in detail. Here, we have found and characterized additional molecular signals required for optimal activation and expansion of MAIT cells after pulmonary or infection in mice.

Activation and In Vivo Evolution of the MAIT Cell Transcriptome in Mice and Humans Reveals Tissue Repair Functionality.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are MR1-restricted innate-like T cells conserved across mammalian species, including mice and humans. By sequencing RNA from sorted MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer cells derived from either human blood or murine lungs, we define the basic transcriptome of an activated MAIT cell in both species and demonstrate how this profile changes during the resolution of infection and during reinfection. We observe strong similarities between MAIT cells in humans and mice.