Fifteen new species of Penicillium.

We introduce 15 new species of Penicillium isolated from a diverse range of locations, including Canada, Costa Rica, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Tanzania, USA and the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, from a variety of habitats, including leaf surfaces in tropical rain forests, soil eaten by chimpanzees, infrabuccal pockets of carpenter ants, intestinal contents of caterpillars and soil. The new species are classified in sections Aspergilloides (1), Canescentia (2), Charlesia (1), Exilicaulis (3), Lanata-Divaricata (7) and Stolkia (1). Each is characterised and described using classical morphology, LC-MS based extrolite analyses and multigene phylogenies based on ITS, BenA and CaM.

Aplasia Cutis Congenita of the Scalp, Composite Type: The Criticality and Inseparability of Neurosurgical and Plastic Surgical Management.

Background/aims: The object of this report is to review the management of patients having the composite type of aplasia cutis congenita in the context of the relevant literature on this condition.

Methods: Clinical records, neuroimaging and photographic documentation of identified cases of composite type aplasia cutis congenita, with a comprehensive review of the literature, are the material basis of this report.

Results: Two neonates with composite type aplasia cutis congenita are described as examples of this disorder, and their management, including complications, is discussed.

Syndromic craniosynostosis, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) mutations, and sacrococcygeal eversion presenting as human tails.

Introduction: There have been 23 previously published cases of patients with syndromic craniosynostosis and human tails. In many of these, the tail was composed of prominent coccygeal and sacral vertebrae, curved in a retroverted instead of in the normal anterograde fashion. This has been termed sacrococcygeal eversion.

Fat redistribution following suction lipectomy: defense of body fat and patterns of restoration.

No randomized studies in humans have examined whether fat returns after removal or where it returns. We undertook a prospective, randomized-controlled trial of suction lipectomy in nonobese women to determine if adipose tissue (AT) is defended and if so, the anatomic pattern of redistribution. Healthy women with disproportionate AT depots (lower abdomen, hips, or thighs) were enrolled.

Cranial vault expansion by distraction osteogenesis.

Object: The object of this report is to present a conceptual and technical approach for expanding the cranial vault, by distraction osteogenesis, in patients with craniocephalic disproportion secondary to pancraniosynostosis and in patients with complex syndromic craniofaciosynostoses undergoing operations for aesthetic improvement.

Methods: The clinical characteristics, techniques used, outcome and complications for all patients who underwent cranial vault expansions with distraction osteogenesis in Children's Hospital of Denver were reviewed.

Results: Twenty-six cranial vault expansions were done in 24 patients.