DNA typing revealing high HLA-Cw polymorphism completes availability of major histocompatibility complex loci in forensic medicine.

Studies of human population genetics in Hungary have revealed relevant heterogeneity in the major histocompatibility complex. In the present studies, two isolated ethnic groups were chosen: people living in the Káli Basin westward from the Danube River, and those living in Opusztaszer, a village eastward from Danube, who are known as native ancient Hungarians. Blood samples were collected from 70 people in the Káli Basin and from 45 people in Opusztaszer.

DNA profiling by detection of repetitive nucleotide sequences on human chromosome 6.

Genetic/genomic polymorphism, i.e. variations in DNA sequences are ideally assayed by direct nucleotide sequencing of a gene region or other homologous segment of the genome.

PCR typing of human semen stains after SEM-EDX examination.

There is an increasing demand to use scanning electron microscopy in the forensic analysis of biological samples. Such analyses are routinely used for the investigation of blood stains, seminal stains, diatoms, residues on wounds and residues and trace elements in gunshot powder. The same samples are sometimes also required for identification via DNA analysis, e.

Allele frequencies for the VNTR locus D17S5 (YNZ22) in Hungary.

A population genetic study for the locus D17S5 was carried out on Caucasoids from the Budapest area consisting of 209 unrelated individuals. In this system we identified 13 different alleles and 51 genotypes. No new alleles were found and no significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed.