The Urethral Microbiota of Men with and without Idiopathic Urethritis.

Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) is a common genital tract syndrome in men, and up to 50% of cases are considered idiopathic, i.e., no etiological agent is identified.

The Effect of Exogenous Sex Steroids on the Vaginal Microbiota: A Systematic Review.

Background: Exogenous sex steroids within hormonal contraception and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) have been used for family planning and management of menopausal symptoms, without consideration of their effects on the vaginal microbiota. This is largely because their use predates our understanding of the importance of the vaginal microbiome on human health. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42018107730) to determine the influence of exogenous sex steroids, stratified by oestrogen-containing or progestin-only types of contraception, and MHT on the vaginal microbiome, as measured by molecular methods.

Sex is associated with the persistence of non-optimal vaginal microbiota following treatment for bacterial vaginosis: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: Determine the associations between factors and sexual practices and the composition of the vaginal microbiome (VM) of women treated for bacterial vaginosis (BV).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: The Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Melbourne, Australia.