[Action of cooling on cells and the body as a multifactorial process].

The role of different cryogenic factors in the process of freezing and thawing of the cells and other biological systems is discussed. Attention is paid to the fact that cryo injury is arising all over freezing-thawing, to be eventually determined by the effect of the complex of damaging factors. It is shown that a successful anabiosis under very low temperatures depends upon the functional state of the organism before cooling, morphophysiology of cells, their reaction to supercooling, extra- and intracellular crystallization, and on rates and duration of cooling and warming.

[Comparative study of the effect of supercooling and freezing on fungal cells].

Observations of the reactivation rate and subsequent growth in addition to the luminescence of cells subjected to supercooling and freezing at 15 degrees C suggested that the effect of supercooling is more significant than that of freezing. In supercooled suspensions, cells are more injured than in frozen ones and the number of injured cells increases more rapidly. Unlike the supercooled cells, the live cells from frozen suspensions maintain a higher growth activity for a longer time.