[Functionalized Metal Chelates Based on Diethylenetriaminetetraacetic Acids for Chemical Modification of Proteins and Small Biomolecules].

Bifunctional reagents based on diethylenetriaminetetraacetic acid containing a bound metal ion and a reactive functional group for the interaction with proteins and low-molecular-weight substances have been synthesized. An Amino-derivative of a complexonate was obtained by acylation of monosubstituted diamine with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid dianhydride followed by deprotection ofthe amino group, purification by anion exchange chromatography and chelation of Eu3+. This metal chelate derivative was used for labeling 17α-hydroxyprogesterone 3-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime and horseradish peroxidase.

[Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate as a Mediator in Processes of Stress Signaling Transduction in Higher Plants].

Currently, biophysical mechanisms of stress signaling transduction became an object of consideration of researchers in connection with the urgent necessity to develop new techniques to enhance the sustainability and productivity of agricultural crops. The development of sensitive methods for the determination of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and comparative analysis of cGMP-dependent events in biological systems has contributed to progress in the understanding of the functioning of cGMP in plant cells. Currently, it is shown that cGMP as a secondary mediator is involved in such vital processes of growth and development of plants as seed germination, cell division, development of chloroplasts, flowering and regulation of stomatal movements.

Calcium imaging of the cyclic nucleotide response.

Calcium (Ca(2+)) is a key component of the signalling network by which plant cells respond to developmental and environmental signals. A change in guard cell cytosolic free Ca(2+)([Ca(2+)]cyt) is an early event in the response of stomata to both opening and closing stimuli, and cyclic nucleotide-mediated Ca(2+) signalling has been implicated in the regulation of stomatal aperture. A range of techniques have been used to measure [Ca(2+)]cyt in plant cells.

cGMP-dependent ABA-induced stomatal closure in the ABA-insensitive Arabidopsis mutant abi1-1.

• The drought hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is widely known to produce reductions in stomatal aperture in guard cells. The second messenger cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) is thought to form part of the signalling pathway by which ABA induces stomatal closure. • We have examined the signalling events during cGMP-dependent ABA-induced stomatal closure in wild-type Arabidopsis plants and plants of the ABA-insensitive Arabidopsis mutant abi1-1.

Sex work, drug use, HIV infection, and spread of sexually transmitted infections in Moscow, Russian Federation.

Rates of HIV-1 infection are growing rapidly, and the epidemic of sexually transmitted infections is continuing at an alarming rate, in the Russian Federation. We did a cross-sectional study of sexually transmitted infections, HIV infection, and drug use in street youth at a juvenile detention facility, adults at homeless detention centres, and women and men at a remand centre in Moscow. 160 (79%) women at the remand centre were sex workers.