The perspective of healthcare providers and patients on health literacy: a systematic review of the quantitative and qualitative studies.

Aim: Health literacy (HL) is a multifaceted concept, thus understanding the perspective of healthcare providers, patients, and the system is vital. This systematic review examines and synthesises the available studies on HL-related knowledge, attitude, practice, and perceived barriers.

Methods: CINAHL and Medline (via EBSCOhost), Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, Sage Journals, and Science Direct were searched.

In vitro digital subtraction angiographic evaluation of flow diverters in a patient-specific aneurysm.

Background The importance of both porosity and pore density of a flow diverter is well recognized in treatment of intracranial aneurysms; however, understanding of the effect of individual wire (wire number and size) is critical in improving device design and use. Methods A total of 10 multi-layered flow diverters with different wire numbers (32, 48, 56, and 72) and sizes (30, 35, and 40 µm) were implanted into identical patient-specific middle cerebral artery aneurysm models. Digital subtraction angiography was acquired at 30 f/s and X-ray signals at three selected regions of interest were compared to determine the amount of intra-aneurysmal flow.

Correlation Between Aneurysm Size and Hemodynamics in One Individual with Multiple Small Intracranial Aneurysms.

Objective A large number of cases are needed in the patient-specific modeling of intracranial aneurysms to establish the statistical significance due to individual variation of risk factors that are difficult to account for. However, these risk factors are critical in hemorrhage risk as demonstrated in large clinical studies. Rupture risks for aneurysms in an individual are easier to compare because these aneurysms are under the same physiological environment, and their only differences are the local hemodynamic factors associated with their anatomic locations.

In vitro investigation of contrast flow jet timing in patient-specific intracranial aneurysms.

Background: The direction and magnitude of intra-aneurysmal flow jet are significant risk factors of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the change of flow jet during an endovascular procedure has been used for prediction of aneurysm occlusion or whether an additional flow diverter (FD) is warranted. However, evaluation of flow jets is often unreliable due to a large variation of flow jet on the digital subtraction angiograms, and this flow pattern variation may result in incorrect clinical diagnosis Therefore, factors contributing to the variation in flow jet are examined at an in vitro setting, and the findings can help us to understand the nature of flow jet and devise a better plan to quantify the aneurysmal hemodynamics accurately.

Methods: Intra-aneurysmal flows in three patient-specific aneurysms between 11 and 25 mm were investigated in vitro, and a FD was deployed in each aneurysm model.

Metal coverage ratio of pipeline embolization device for treatment of unruptured aneurysms: Reality check.

Background And Purpose: The metal coverage ratio (MCR) of a flow diverter influences the intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics; a high MCR will occlude an aneurysm early, while a low MCR may delay aneurysm occlusion. The true MCR of a pipeline embolization device (PED) could be lower due to oversize, device deformation, or aneurysm location. In this study deviation of the true MCR from the nominal MCR is assessed and whether their difference affects aneurysm occlusion rate is determined.