Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline in People Living with HIV.

Background: This study examined the relationship between neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and cognition in people living with HIV (PLWH) at baseline and over time.

Methods: Plasma and clinical data were available from PLWH aged ≥45 years with HIV RNA <200 copies/mL enrolled in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group HAILO cohort study. We measured plasma NfL and GFAP using a single molecule array platform.

Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment for Pregnant People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa: A Modeling Analysis of Clinical Benefits and Risks.

Background: Although prior studies of tuberculosis-preventive treatment (TPT) for pregnant people with human immunodeficiency virus (PPWH) report conflicting adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) risks, international guidelines recommend TPT for PPWH.

Methods: We used a microsimulation model to evaluate 5 TPT strategies among PPWH receiving antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: No TPT; 6 months of isoniazid (6H) or 3 months of isoniazid-rifapentine (3HP) during pregnancy (Immediate 6H or Immediate 3HP) or post partum (Deferred 6H or Deferred 3HP). The primary outcomes were maternal, fetal/infant, and combined deaths from causes potentially influenced by TPT (maternal tuberculosis, maternal hepatotoxicity, stillbirth, low birth weight [LBW], and infant tuberculosis).

Harm to myself or others? A qualitative study of the preferences of people who smoke for messages to be included in cigarette pack inserts.

Introduction: Tobacco package inserts [TPIs] are a novel channel to transmit smoking cessation messages. Research has shown associations between inserts, intentions to quit and increased self-efficacy. In Israel, TPIs have been legislated, but not yet implemented.

Disparities in Tobacco Smoking and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in People With Low Socioeconomic Status or Serious Psychological Distress: A Simulation Analysis.

Introduction: High tobacco smoking prevalence in people with low SES or serious psychological distress in the U.S. may increase cardiovascular disease risk among these marginalized subpopulations.

First-in-human clinical outcomes with NG-350A, an anti-CD40 expressing tumor-selective vector designed to remodel immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments.

Background: Tumor-selective oncolytic viral vectors are promising anticancer therapeutics; however, challenges with dosing and potency in advanced/metastatic cancers have limited efficacy and usage. NG-350A is a next-generation blood-stable adenoviral vector engineered to express an agonist anti-cluster of differentiation (CD)40 antibody without affecting tumor-selectivity and oncolytic potency.

Methods: Intravenous and intratumoral (IT) administration of NG-350A was assessed in a phase Ia/Ib study in patients with metastatic/advanced epithelial tumors (NCT03852511).