Enrolment patterns in a randomized controlled trial of probiotics in critically ill patients: a retrospective analysis of the PROSPECT trial.

Background: Understanding site-related factors that influence enrolment within multicenter randomized controlled trials (RCT) may help reduce trial delays and cost over-runs and prevent early trial discontinuation. In this analysis of PROSPECT (Probiotics: Prevention of Severe Pneumonia and Endotracheal Colonization Trial), we describe patient enrolment patterns and examine factors influencing site-based monthly enrolment.

Design: Retrospective analysis of a multicenter RCT.

Enhancing Veterinary Education in Cambodia: Evaluation of Web-Based Resources in Teaching Herd Health and Epidemiology.

It can be challenging for veterinary schools in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to teach the 11 Competencies identified by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) due to inadequate faculty and teaching resources. This paper discusses the evaluation of web-based educational resources to support teaching in the Veterinary Faculty at the Royal University of Agriculture in Cambodia. Content- and pedagogy-based materials addressing herd health and epidemiology/disease investigation, their most urgent needs, were developed via a collaboration between Iowa State University, Ohio State University, and Massey University (New Zealand).

Liberal or Restrictive Transfusion Strategy in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: The effect of a liberal red-cell transfusion strategy as compared with a restrictive strategy in patients during the critical care period after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is unclear.

Methods: We randomly assigned critically ill adults with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and anemia to a liberal strategy (mandatory transfusion at a hemoglobin level of ≤10 g per deciliter) or a restrictive strategy (optional transfusion at a hemoglobin level of ≤8 g per deciliter). The primary outcome was an unfavorable neurologic outcome, defined as a score of 4 or higher on the modified Rankin scale (range, 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater disability) at 12 months.

Predicting Exploration Crew Medical Officer Training Needs: Applying Evidence-Based Predictive Analytics to Space Medicine Training.

Introduction: Predictive analytics may be a useful adjunct to identify training needs for exploration class medical officers onboard deep space vehicles.

Methods: This study used a preliminary version of NASA's newest medical predictive analytics tool, the Medical Extensible Database Probabilistic Risk Assessment Tool (MEDPRAT), to test the application of predictive analytics to exploration crew medical officer curriculum design for 5 distinct design reference mission (DRM) profiles. Partial and fully treated paradigms were explored.

Generating "Différance" or an Ontology That Is Same Old Same Old Comment on "The Generative Mechanisms of Financial Strain and Financial Well-Being: A Critical Realist Analysis of Ideology and Difference".

Glenn and colleagues carefully conducted a realist review of initiatives introduced in high-income countries intended to improve financial well-being (FWB) or reduce financial strain (FS) during the early days of the pandemic. They found that these initiatives were underpinned by either neoliberal or social equity ideologies, within which, social location acted on different groups. In this commentary, we suggest caution in applying labels such as neoliberalism and social equity when lumping social welfare policies; labour policies; housing and financial services policies; and service provision for health, seniors, childcare, and education across welfare state regimes.