Intra- and interindividual variability in fasted gastric content volume.

Background: Gastric fluid plays a key role in food digestion and drug dissolution, therefore, the amount of gastric fluid present in a fasted state may influence subsequent digestion and drug delivery. We aimed to describe intra- and interindividual variation in fasted gastric content volume (FGCV) and to determine the association with age, sex, and body size characteristics.

Methods: Data from 24 MRI studies measuring FGCV in healthy, mostly young individuals after an overnight fast were pooled.

Association between whole-grain consumption, tryptophan metabolism and psychological distress: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

This study aimed to investigate whether psychological distress, whole-grain consumption and tryptophan metabolism are associated with participants undergoing weight management intervention. Seventy-nine women and men (mean age 49·7 (sd 9·0) years; BMI 34·2(sd 2·5) kg/m) participated in a 7-week weight-loss (WL) period and in a 24-week weight maintenance (WM) intervention period. Whole-grain consumption was measured using 4 d food diaries.

Effectiveness of workplace choice architecture modification for healthy eating and daily physical activity.

Background: Modifying the choice architecture of behavioural contexts can facilitate health behaviour change, but existing evidence builds mostly on small-scale interventions limited in duration, targets, strategies, and settings. We evaluated the effectiveness of a one-year hybrid type 2 implementation-effectiveness trial aimed at promoting healthy eating and daily physical activity with subtle modifications to the choice architecture of heterogeneous worksites. The intervention was contextualised to and integrated into the routine operations of each worksite.

Associations of Lifestyle Patterns with Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Finnish Adults at Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.

Scope: Various lifestyle and sociodemographic factors have been associated with risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, their combined associations with T2D risk factors have been studied much less.

Materials And Results: This study investigates cross-sectional associations of lifestyle patterns with T2D risk factors among 2925 adults at increased risk participating in the Stop Diabetes study.

Acceptability of workplace choice architecture modification for healthy behaviours.

Background: Altering the choice architecture of decision contexts can assist behaviour change, but the acceptability of this approach has sparked debate. Considering hypothetical interventions, people generally welcome the approach for promoting health, but little evidence exists on acceptance in the real world. Furthermore, research has yet to explore the implementers' perspective, acknowledging the multidimensionality of the acceptability construct.