Pupil-Linked Arousal Modulates Precision of Stimulus Representation in Cortex.

Neural responses are naturally variable from one moment to the next, even when the stimulus is held constant. What factors might underlie this variability in neural population activity? We hypothesized that spontaneous fluctuations in cortical stimulus representations are created by changes in arousal state. We tested the hypothesis using a combination of fMRI, probabilistic decoding methods, and pupillometry.

Training morphosyntactic skills in Dutch preschoolers with (presumed) Developmental Language Disorder: A novel group-based intervention.

Background: Morphosyntactic problems are a core symptom of Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). In the Netherlands, children with (presumed) DLD can receive special care in language-focused treatment groups. The focus of these groups mainly lies in improving communicative intentions, vocabulary and phonology.

Increased Intracranial Arterial Pulsatility and Microvascular Brain Damage in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum.

Background And Purpose: Carotid siphon calcification might contribute to the high prevalence of cerebrovascular disease in pseudoxanthoma elasticum through increased arterial flow pulsatility. This study aimed to compare intracranial artery flow pulsatility, brain volumes, and small-vessel disease markers between patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum and controls and the association between arterial calcification and pulsatility in pseudoxanthoma elasticum.

Materials And Methods: Fifty patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum and 40 age- and sex-matched controls underwent 3T MR imaging, including 2D phase-contrast acquisitions for flow pulsatility in the assessment of ICA and MCA and FLAIR acquisitions for brain volumes, white matter lesions, and infarctions.

Multi-nutrient interventions and cognitive ageing: are we barking up the right tree?

As we continue to elucidate the mechanisms underlying age-related brain diseases, the reductionist strategy in nutrition–brain function research has focused on establishing the impact of individual foods. However, the biological processes connecting diet and cognition are complex. Therefore, consideration of a combination of nutritional compounds may be most efficacious.

The EAT-Lancet reference diet and cognitive function across the life course.

The EAT-Lancet Commission devised a sustainable reference diet with the aim of reducing the incidence of non-communicable diseases and mortality globally while improving food system sustainability. The extent to which the reference diet supports cognitive function across the life course, however, has not yet been evaluated. This Review assesses the evidence for diet supporting cognitive function from childhood into old age.