Stability of diluted chlorhexidine for skin testing in drug allergy evaluations.

Background: Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), a common cause of perioperative anaphylaxis, is frequently used for skin testing in allergy evaluations. Although CHX's maximal nonirritating concentrations are known, the stability of its dilutions for skin testing remains unexplored, particularly when sterile water for injection (SWFI) or normal saline (NS) are used as diluents.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the stability and precipitation of CHX when diluted with SWFI or NS for drug allergy skin testing.

Clinical Relevance of Specific IgE in Penicillin Allergy Investigation.

Introduction: Patients with immediate type allergic reactions to penicillins are at risk of anaphylaxis on reexposure. Diagnostic gold standard is drug provocation test (DPT) if allergy is not diagnosed by other means, such as skin testing or in vitro testing with measurement of specific IgE. Specific IgE testing carries low risk for the patient and blood sampling can be performed in primary care, but it is reported to have low sensitivity.

What Enables Implementation of Pain Management Interventions in Intensive Care Units and Why: A Realist Evaluation to Refine Program Theory.

Aim: To uncover perspectives and refine 12 initial program theories concerning the implementation of pain management interventions in intensive care units. Contexts enabling implementation are delineated, and causal mechanisms within these contexts are described.

Design: A realist evaluation approach was employed.