An end-to-end model of active electrosensation.

Weakly electric fish localize and identify objects by sensing distortions in a self-generated electric field. Fish can determine the resistance and capacitance of an object, for example, even though the field distortions being sensed are small and highly-dependent on object distance and size. Here we construct a model of the responses of the fish's electroreceptors on the basis of experimental data, and we develop a model of the electric fields generated by the fish and the distortions due to objects of different resistances and capacitances.

Metabolic programs drive function of therapeutic NK cells in hypoxic tumor environments.

Limited oxygen (hypoxia) in solid tumors poses a challenge to successful immunotherapy with natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells have impaired cytotoxicity when cultured in hypoxia (1% oxygen) but not physiologic (>5%) or atmospheric oxygen (20%). We found that changes to cytotoxicity were regulated at the transcriptional level and accompanied by metabolic dysregulation.

Vision corrections used by presbyopic orienteers.

Significance: Evaluating the visual challenges and refractive correction solutions of presbyopic orienteers identifies features of relevance to optometric management of the visual needs of active presbyopes.

Purpose: Orienteering is a unique sport requiring visual clarity at a range of viewing distances and has a high proportion of presbyopic participants. This study evaluates the vision corrections used by presbyopic orienteers, specifically aiming to characterize the prevalence of different vision correction options used and to explore the strengths and limitations of different vision correction solutions.

Representations of the intrinsic value of information in mouse orbitofrontal cortex.

Animals are motivated to seek information that does not influence reward outcomes, suggesting that information has intrinsic value. We have developed an odor-based information seeking task that reveals that mice choose to receive information even though it does not alter the reward outcome. Moreover, mice are willing to pay for information by sacrificing water reward, suggesting that information is of intrinsic value to a mouse.