[Biomarkers for non-endoscopic examination of esophageal mucosa].

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a multifactorial disease; an individual´s genetic predisposition may contribute to the development of this disorder. Endoscopic methods and histological examination are commonly used to diagnose GERD and its complications such as Barretts esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). For BE screening in high-risk individuals as well as monitoring the development of BE dysplasia, esophageal mucosa samples could be taken using modern non-endoscopic procedures to minimize invasiveness of the procedure and improve patient adherence and compliance with a treatment.

Dental cell type atlas reveals stem and differentiated cell types in mouse and human teeth.

Understanding cell types and mechanisms of dental growth is essential for reconstruction and engineering of teeth. Therefore, we investigated cellular composition of growing and non-growing mouse and human teeth. As a result, we report an unappreciated cellular complexity of the continuously-growing mouse incisor, which suggests a coherent model of cell dynamics enabling unarrested growth.

[Confocal laser endomicroscopy in the diagnostics of esophageal diseases: a pilot study].

Background: Probebased confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is a novel diagnostic technique for endoscopy which enables a microscopic view at a cellular resolution in realtime. Endoscopic detection of early neoplasia in the distal esophagus is difficult and often these lesions can be missed. The aim of the pilot study was to obtain characteristic pCLE figures in esophageal diseases for following studies, and to evaluate the possible future role of pCLE in the diagnostics of dysplastic Barretts esophagus (BE) or early esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).

[Oral diseases in diabetic patients].

In this paper, the authors summarize current findings on the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and oral tissue diseases. They study the effect of diabetes on the condition of hard dental tissues, oral mucosa and salivary glands and explain how these undesirable changes occur. They focus primarily on the bilateral relationship between diabetes and periodontitis, common pathogenetic traits of both diseases and on the effect of periodontal treatment on basic metabolic diseases.