Time-mapping and future-oriented behavior in free-ranging wild fruit bats.

Episodic memory and mental time travel have been viewed as uniquely human traits. This view began to shift with the development of behavioral criteria to assess what is referred to as "episodic-like memory" in animals. Key findings have ranged from evidence of what-where-when memory in scrub-jays, rats, and bees; through decision-making that impacts future foraging in frugivorous primates; to evidence of planning based on future needs in scrub-jays and tool use planning in great apes.

Measuring synaptic transmission and plasticity with fEPSP recordings in behaving mice.

Spontaneous spiking activity depends on intrinsic excitability and synaptic input. Historically, synaptic activity has been mostly studied . Here, we describe a versatile and robust protocol to record field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in behaving rodents.

Role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular effects of anemia treatment with erythropoietin in predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background/aim: Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Short-term treatment with erythropoietin (EPO) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) complicated by anemia and LVH is associated with a reduction in left ventricular mass (LVM). We proposed to assess whether the pro-oxidant status of CKD influences these outcomes.

Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with chronic renal failure: a case control study.

Background: Oxidative stress is related to several diseases, including chronic renal insufficiency. The disequilibrium in the oxidant-antioxidant balance is the result of several metabolic changes. The majority of studies to-date have evaluated the grade of oxidative stress with a single biomarker, or a very limited number of them.

Administration of exogenous erythropoietin beta affects lipid peroxidation and serum paraoxonase-1 activity and concentration in predialysis patients with chronic renal disease and anaemia.

1. Patients with advanced chronic renal disease and anaemia have decreased serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and an increased degree of oxidative stress compared with normal subjects. The present study investigated the effects of treatment of anaemia with exogenous recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) beta and iron on levels of antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), as well as on serum PON1 activity and concentration, in predialysis patients with chronic renal disease.