Two new bismuth salts with succinic acid: synthesis, structural, spectroscopic and thermal characterization.

Two novel bismuth succinate hydrates, namely, poly[[diaqua(μ-butane-1,4-dicarboxylato)hemi(μ-butane-1,4-dicarboxylato)bismuth] monohydrate], {[Bi(CHO)(HO)]·HO} (1), and poly[[μ-aqua-aqua(μ-butane-1,4-dicarboxylato)(μ-butane-1,4-dicarboxylato)-μ-oxido-dibismuth] monohydrate], {[Bi(CHO)O(HO)]·HO} (2), have been synthesized. Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the compounds were characterized by IR and Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. The crystal structure analysis revealed that the compounds are coordination polymers, with 1 having a two-dimensional layered structure and 2 displaying a three-dimensional (3D) framework.

The Management of HIV Care Services in Central and Eastern Europe: Data from the Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging time for medical care, especially in the field of infectious diseases (ID), but it has also provided an opportunity to introduce new solutions in HIV management. Here, we investigated the changes in HIV service provision across Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods: The Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group consists of experts in the field of ID from 24 countries within the CEE region.

[Use of darunavir in HIV-infected women during pregnancy].

The use of antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) in a mother and a child can reduce the risk of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to less than 1%; therefore, highly active antiretroviral therapy is used in all pregnant women regardless of indications for HIV-infection treatment. The major requirements for choosing an ARVD to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission are its high safety for a pregnant woman, a fetus, and a baby and its high therapeutic efficacy. Clinical trials of darunavir (DRV) in adults and children have shown a high virologic response, good tolerance, and safety.

The challenges of testing for HIV in women: experience from the UK and other European countries.

Strategies for HIV testing vary across Europe, but widespread unacceptably high rates of late diagnosis among women suggest that current testing strategies are not adequately reaching the female population. The only group within the female population that is given specific consideration in guidelines for HIV testing is women who are pregnant, where opt-out testing is often recommended. This article reviews experience from the UK and other European countries with antenatal testing, and trials of routine HIV testing in a range of other settings.