Cortical encoding of spatial structure and semantic content in 3D natural scenes.

Our visual system enables us to effortlessly navigate and recognize real-world visual environments. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies suggest a network of scene-responsive cortical visual areas, but much less is known about the temporal order in which different scene properties are analysed by the human visual system. In this study, we selected a set of 36 full-colour natural scenes that varied in spatial structure and semantic content that our male and female human participants viewed both in 2D and 3D while we recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) data.

Six types of loves differentially recruit reward and social cognition brain areas.

Feelings of love are among the most significant human phenomena. Love informs the formation and maintenance of pair bonds, parent-offspring attachments, and influences relationships with others and even nature. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms of love beyond romantic and maternal types.

Activity of botulinum neurotoxin X and its structure when shielded by a non-toxic non-hemagglutinin protein.

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent toxins known and are used to treat an increasing number of medical disorders. All BoNTs are naturally co-expressed with a protective partner protein (NTNH) with which they form a 300 kDa complex, to resist acidic and proteolytic attack from the digestive tract. We have previously identified a new botulinum neurotoxin serotype, BoNT/X, that has unique and therapeutically attractive properties.