Method development for the investigation of Mn , Cu , Co , and Ni with capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.

The lifetime of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) decreases under continuous cycling due to various degradation processes, such as dissolution of transition metals (TMs) from the electrodes. Therefore, suitable methods to analyze the oxidation states of TMs are mandatory to better understand the dissolution mechanisms of TMs from positive and negative electrodes (LIBs). To investigate the dissolution of Mn and Mn in electrolytes of LIBs, a previously implemented capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with UV/Vis spectroscopy detection was further developed with the aim of higher sensitivities and additional detection of other dissolved divalent TMs such as Co , Ni , and Cu .

Accessing copper oxidation states of dissolved negative electrode current collectors in lithium ion batteries.

A novel capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) detection for the investigation of dissolved Cu and Cu in lithium ion battery (LIB) electrolytes was developed. This method is of relevance, as the current collector at the anode of LIBs may dissolve under certain operation conditions. In order to preserve the actual oxidation states of dissolved copper in the electrolytes and to prevent any precipitation during sample preparation and CE measurements, neocuproine (NC) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic (EDTA) were effectively applied as complexing agents for both ionic copper species.

Investigating the oxidation state of Fe from LiFePO -based lithium ion battery cathodes via capillary electrophoresis.

A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with ultraviolet/visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy for iron speciation in lithium ion battery (LIB) electrolytes was developed. The complexation of Fe with 1,10-phenantroline (o-phen) and of Fe with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) revealed effective stabilization of both iron species during sample preparation and CE measurements. For the investigation of small electrolyte volumes from LIB cells, a sample buffer with optimal sample pH was developed to inhibit precipitation of Fe during complexation of Fe with o-phen.

Mn or Mn ? Investigating transition metal dissolution of manganese species in lithium ion battery electrolytes by capillary electrophoresis.

A new CE method with ultraviolet-visible detection was developed in this study to investigate manganese dissolution in lithium ion battery electrolytes. The aqueous running buffer based on diphosphate showed excellent stabilization of labile Mn , even under electrophoretic conditions. The method was optimized regarding the concentration of diphosphate and modifier to obtain suitable signals for quantification.

[Model and experimental animal studies of the use of hand-controlled catheter-jet-ventilation (CJV) by plastic replacement of the tracheobronchial tree].

Pressure and volume flow measurements were performed on a simple model of the tracheobronchial tree using a catheter-jet-ventilation apparatus. This type of respiration is particularly favourable in tracheo-bronchial surgery, i.e.