Observed to expected lung area to head circumference ratio (O/E LHR) in fetuses with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT): assessment and evaluation as predictive factor for acute postnatal outcome-a single center study.

Introduction: To assess the observed to expected lung area to head circumference ratio (O/E LHR) in fetuses with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and to explore its value as a potential predictive factor for postnatal outcome.

Methods: A retrospective single-center study was conducted on pregnancies complicated by CAKUT between 2007 and 2018. The lung-to-head ratio (LHR) was calculated for each fetus by two independent observers.

Retrospective cohort study of familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis due to CLDN16 mutations.

Background: Familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) is a rare autosomal recessive tubular disorder exhibiting a high risk for progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: This is a retrospective multicentre study of 25 paediatric cases with FHHNC in Poland. Median age at diagnosis was 4 years and median follow-up time was 4.

Impaired paracellular ion transport in the loop of Henle causes familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis.

Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) is a rare tubular disorder caused by mutations in genes coding for tight junction (TJ) proteins. TJs define the paracellular path between adjacent cells and thereby play a pivotal role for the regulation of the paracellular ion permeability of epithelia. The family of TJ proteins comprise a variety of transmembrane proteins, including the claudins.

Repair or replacement of defective direct resin-based composite restorations: contemporary teaching in U.S. and Canadian dental schools.

Background: Opportunities exist to promote minimally invasive dentistry by repairing rather than replacing defective and failing direct resin-based composite restorations. The authors conducted a study to investigate the current teaching of such techniques in U.S.

Clinical and molecular characterization of Turkish patients with familial hypomagnesaemia: novel mutations in TRPM6 and CLDN16 genes.

Background: Recent identification and characterization of novel renal Mg(2+) transporters and ion channels have greatly increased our understanding of the normal physiology of renal magnesium handling.

Methods: The present study deals with the clinical and molecular characterization of eight Turkish children (median age 10.6 years, range 3-16.