biting midges among cattle in France: be wary of data in the literature.

are vectors that can transmit many different pathogens to mammals - including humans, and domestic and wild animals - and birds. In order to take preventive measures against any vector-borne disease, it is important to gather information on both the host and vector species. species are mainly mammalophilic, ornithophilic or ornithophilic/mammalophilic, but females have also been found to occasionally feed on engorged insects.

Wing morphometrics of biting midges (Diptera: Culicoides) of veterinary importance in Madagascar.

Biting midges are vectors of arboviruses such as bluetongue virus, bovine ephemeral fever virus, Akabane virus, African horse sickness virus, epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus and Schmallenberg virus. Fast and accurate identification of biting midges is crucial in the study of Culicoides-borne diseases. Morphological identification of biting midges has revealed the presence of cryptic species.

Wing morphology variations in from France.

The biting midge Kieffer, 1918 is a European widespread vector of avian malaria throughout the continent and is a possible vector of Akabane virus and Bluetongue virus. This species populates a wide range of environments in contrasting ecological settings often exposed to strong seasonal fluctuations. The main goals of this study were to investigate phenotypic variation at three departments in France (Corsica Island, Moselle and Var) and to determine if its phenotypes vary with the environment.

Establishment of a multimodal protocol combining a motivational interview, subcutaneous injection of NicoSan® and hyper-hydration for the "stopsmoking therapy": A multicentre real-life study'.

Objectives: The StopSmoking Therapy, combins a motivational interview, a subcutaneous injection of NicoSan® and a hyperhydration protocol. The objectives were to evaluate the number of patients declaring cessation and factors related to relapse.

Methods: In the 18 months following protocol, 554 subjects who consented, responded to the study's questionnaire.

Comprehensive characterisation of Culicoides clastrieri and C. festivipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) according to morphological and morphometric characters using a multivariate approach and DNA barcode.

Biting midges are widespread around the world and play an essential role in the epidemiology of over 100 veterinary and medical diseases. For taxonomists, it is difficult to correctly identify species because of affinities among cryptic species and species complexes. In this study, species boundaries were examined for C.