Changes in sleep architecture in German Armed Forces personnel with posttraumatic stress disorder compared with depressed and healthy control subjects.

Background: This study compares the sleep architecture of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with that of both patients with depression and subjects with no mental disorder.

Method: 45 German armed forces personnel with PTSD, 72 German armed forces personnel with depression and 24 healthy control subjects underwent 24-hour polysomnography. The effects of group membership, medication and the statistical interaction of group and medication were analysed for the following variables: sleep onset latency, REM sleep latency, slow-wave sleep and REM sleep percentages.

High-Throughput Omics Technologies: Potential Tools for the Investigation of Influences of EMF on Biological Systems.

The mode of action of a huge amount of agents on biological systems is still unknown. One example where more questions than answers exist is covered by the term electromagnetic fields (EMF). Use of wireless communication, e.

The UVA light used during the fluorescence microscopy assay affects the level of intracellular calcium being measured in experiments with electric-field exposure.

In the present paper, the induction of calcium signals in neuroblastoma cells, cells of T-cell leukemia, and osteogenic sarcoma cells were investigated in relation to the UVA irradiation used in fluorescence microscopy. Methods were developed to measure both the mean UVA irradiance and the intensity profile in the UVA-illuminated area of the microscope. This allowed us to calculate the applied UVA radiant exposure of the cells during each experiment.