Salmon louse labial gland enzymes: implications for host settlement and immune modulation.

Salmon louse () is a skin- and blood-feeding ectoparasite, infesting salmonids. While feeding, labial gland proteins from the salmon louse may be deposited on the Atlantic salmon () skin. Previously characterized labial gland proteins are involved in anti-coagulation and may contribute to inhibiting Atlantic salmon from mounting a sufficient immune response against the ectoparasite.

A meta-ethnography of language challenges in midwifery care.

Introduction: The aim was to synthesize qualitative studies that shed light on immigrant women's own experiences regarding language challenges during pregnancy, birth and the postpartum period in a new country. Wikberg's theory of intercultural caring was chosen as the theoretical perspective.

Methods: This meta-ethnography was conducted in accordance with Noblit and Hare, an interpretative qualitative review approach in seven phases, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a systematic and manual search yielding a total of 1253 articles.

Small, charged proteins in salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) secretions modulate Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) immune responses and coagulation.

Little is known about glandular proteins secreted from the skin- and blood-feeding ectoparasite salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). The labial gland has ducts extending into the oral cavity of the lice, and the present study aimed to identify novel genes expressed by this gland type and to investigate their role in modulation of host parameters at the lice feeding site. Five genes associated with labial gland function were identified and named Lepeophteirus salmonis labial gland protein (LsLGP) 1-4 and 1 like (LsLGP1L).

The potential for cleaner fish-driven evolution in the salmon louse : Genetic or environmental control of pigmentation?

The parasitic salmon louse represents one of the biggest challenges to environmentally sustainable salmonid aquaculture across the globe. This species also displays a high evolutionary potential, as demonstrated by its rapid development of resistance to delousing chemicals. In response, farms now use a range of non-chemical delousing methods, including cleaner fish that eat lice from salmon.