Neutrophils in the Spotlight-An Analysis of Neutrophil Function and Phenotype in ARDS.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex disease pattern in which pathogenesis polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) play a key role. In previous experiments, we could show that interaction with collagen III (an important component of pulmonary tissue) is a possible trigger of neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. To investigate possible correlations, further elucidate ARDS pathophysiology, and maybe find pharmacological targets, we evaluated PMNs from blood (circulating PMNs: cPMNs) and tracheal secretion (tPMNs) from patients with and without ARDS with regard to function and phenotype.

Modeling the acute mucosal toxicity to fractionated radiotherapy combined with the ATM inhibitor WSD0628.

ATM inhibitors are being developed as radiosensitizers to improve the antitumor effects of radiotherapy, but ATM inhibition can also radiosensitize normal tissues. Therefore, understanding the elevated risk for normal tissue toxicities is critical for radiosensitizer development. This study focused on modeling the relationship between acute mucosal toxicity, radiation dose, fractionation schedule, and radiosensitizer exposure.

Highly neurogenic glia from human and mouse myenteric ganglia generate functional neurons following culture and transplantation into the gut.

Enteric neural stem cell (ENSC) therapy offers great promise for neurointestinal diseases; however, current isolation methods yield insufficient neurons for regenerative applications. Multiomic profiling of enteric glial cells (EGCs) suggests that subpopulations within myenteric ganglia (MyGa) are a reservoir of highly neurogenic ENSCs. Here, we describe protocols to enrich for intraganglionic EGCs by isolating intact fragments of MyGa, generating cultures with higher neuronal purity than traditional methodologies isolating intramuscular single cells (IM-SCs).

DNA-PK inhibition shows differential radiosensitization in orthotopic GBM PDX models based on DDR pathway deficits.

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most therapy-resistant malignancies with frequent local failures despite aggressive surgery, chemotherapy, and ionizing radiation (IR). Small molecule inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKi's) are potent radiosensitizers currently in clinical trials. Determining which patients may benefit from radiosensitization with DNA-PKi's is critical to avoid unnecessary increased risk of normal tissue toxicity.

Gender differences in the observation of gesture direction: a physiological study.

Intransitive gestures are expressive and symbolic, whereas pantomimes are object-related actions. These gestures convey different meanings depending on whether they are directed toward (TB) or away from the body (AB). TB gestures express mental states (intransitive) or hygiene/nutritional activities (pantomime), while AB gestures modify the behaviour of the observer (intransitive) or demonstrate tool use with an object (pantomime).