Evolutionary feedback from the environment shapes mechanisms that generate genome variation.

Darwin recognized that 'a grand and almost untrodden field of inquiry will be opened, on the causes and laws of variation.' However, because the Modern Synthesis assumes that the intrinsic probability of any individual mutation is unrelated to that mutation's potential adaptive value, attention has been focused on selection rather than on the intrinsic generation of variation. Yet many examples illustrate that the term 'random' mutation, as widely understood, is inaccurate.

Chief Nurse Executives involuntary turnover in times of health care reforms: Findings from an interpretative phenomenology study.

In recent years, due to several health care system reforms in different countries, an increased involuntary turnover rate of Chief Nurse Executives has been reported around the World. However, no data on their perceived experience of their dismissal have been documented up to now in the European context. Describing the experience of involuntarily dismissed Chief Nurse Executives was the main aim of this interpretative phenomenological study.

[How the bed rest period and the posture assumed by the patient post lumbar puncture caninfluence the onset of complications: a rapid evidence assessment].

Aim: To identify how the bed rest period and the posture assumed by the patient after lumbar puncture can influence the onset of complications, and which nursing interventions to adopt in order to reduce the complications.

Method: A rapid assessment review was performed and the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched between 2001 and 2015.

Results: Initially, 407 studies were retrieved, and 5 of these publications were considered to be eligible for the purpose of the study,4 comparing different periods of bed rest and 1 comparing patients position.

Does participative leadership reduce the onset of mobbing risk among nurse working teams?

Aims: To evaluate the advancement of knowledge on the impact of an empowering leadership style on the risk of mobbing behaviour among nurse working teams. The secondary aim was to evaluate, along with leadership style, the contribution of other organisational- and individual-related mobbing predictors.

Background: The style of leadership in reducing the onset of mobbing risk in nurse working teams still remains a matter of discussion.

[The admission to Nursing Homes and Home care services of elderly patients: analysis of the trend from 2008 to 2011 in a North Italian district].

Introduction: The effects of the economic crisis impact on several aspects, included the use of health and social services.

Aim: To analyze the effects of the economic recession on the request of in-home and long run social-health services.

Methods: Retrospective research.