ER-tethered stress sensor CREBH regulates mitochondrial unfolded protein response to maintain energy homeostasis.

The Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), a mitochondria-originated stress response to altered mitochondrial proteostasis, plays important roles in various pathophysiological processes. In this study, we revealed that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-tethered stress sensor CREBH regulates UPR to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and function in the liver. CREBH is enriched in and required for hepatic Mitochondria-Associated Membrane (MAM) expansion induced by energy demands.

Regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation through tight control of cytochrome c oxidase in health and disease - Implications for ischemia/reperfusion injury, inflammatory diseases, diabetes, and cancer.

Mitochondria are essential to cellular function as they generate the majority of cellular ATP, mediated through oxidative phosphorylation, which couples proton pumping of the electron transport chain (ETC) to ATP production. The ETC generates an electrochemical gradient, known as the proton motive force, consisting of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ, the major component in mammals) and ΔpH across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Both ATP production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are linked to ΔΨ, and it has been shown that an imbalance in ΔΨ beyond the physiological optimal intermediate range results in excessive ROS production.

To boldly go where no microRNAs have gone before: spaceflight impact on risk for small-for-gestational-age infants.

In the era of renewed space exploration, comprehending the effects of the space environment on human health, particularly for deep space missions, is crucial. While extensive research exists on the impacts of spaceflight, there is a gap regarding female reproductive risks. We hypothesize that space stressors could have enduring effects on female health, potentially increasing risks for future pregnancies upon return to Earth, particularly related to small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses.