Dealing With Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Lung Transplantation in the Era of Multidrug Resistance: The Milano Algorithm.

Infectious complications significantly impact morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation (LuTx), with over 25% of post-transplant deaths attributed to infections. Antibiotic prophylaxis during the surgical procedure is crucial for reducing early infections, though the current use of wide-spectrum antibiotics, especially in cases of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), is contentious and varies widely across centre. This practice raises concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in immunosuppressed patients requiring lifelong healthcare access.

The Role of [F]F-FDG PET/CT for Predicting Histology and Prognosis in Patients with Thymic Lesions.

Objectives: To investigate whether 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([F]F-FDG PET/CT) metabolic parameters were associated with histology and to assess their prognostic role in patients with thymic lesions.

Patients And Methods: In total, 116 patients (49/67 M/F; mean age 59.5 years) who underwent preoperative [F]F-FDG PET/CT and thymectomy from 2012 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.

Right ventricle free wall longitudinal strain screening of lung transplant candidates.

Background: Lung transplant (LUTX) candidates have subclinical right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, which has not yet been assessed by speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE)-derived RV free-wall longitudinal strain (RVFWLS). To evaluate the prevalence of RV dysfunction by RVFWLS and its relationship with conventional RV echocardiographic indexes in LUTX candidates.

Methods: In a single-center prospective observational cohort study, from January 2021 to March 2023 consecutive LUTX candidates underwent cardiac catheterization, radionuclide ventriculography, standard and STE.

Combined CAR-T/HSCT approach in a patient with refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia and cystic fibrosis.

Introduction: The association of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and cystic fibrosis (CF) is rare. We present the case of a paediatric patient affected by CF and refractory B-cell precursor (BCP) ALL, who was treated with combined chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) and allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Case Description: Autologous-CD19 targeting CAR-T allowed to achieve molecular remission and spare chemo-related toxicity.

Bilateral Lung Transplantation in Patients With Severe Chest Asymmetry: A Case Series From a Single Center.

Suppurative lung diseases leading to end-stage respiratory failure are typical indications for bilateral lung transplantation (LuTx). Some cases may present severe chest asymmetry because of recurrent infections or previous surgical procedures, and the most used surgical options are single LuTx and contralateral pneumonectomy or bilateral transplantation with graft downsizing. Our purpose is to evaluate our treatment protocols for these patients and review surgical strategies reported by others.