High-alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae aggravates lung injury by affecting neutrophils and the airway epithelium.

We have previously reported that high-alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (HiAlc Kpn) in the gut can cause endo-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we discover that 91.2% of Kpn isolates from pulmonary disease samples also produce excess ethanol, which may be associated with respiratory disease severity.

Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide alleviates hepatic steatosis and modulates gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in diabetic mice.

Tirzepatide is a dual agonist of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors and is a promising therapeutic option for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nevertheless, its effect and underlying mechanism on hepatic steatosis remain ambiguous. Herein, we explored the impact of tirzepatide on improving hepatic steatosis in diabetic mice, with a particular focus on the gut microbiota and bile acids (BAs) using animal models.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: The strongest genetic risk factors for AD include the e4 allele of APOE and the R47H point mutation in the TREM2 receptor. TREM2 is required for the induction of a disease-associated microglia (DAM) signature and microglial neurodegenerative phenotype (MGnD) in response to disease pathology, signatures which both include APOE upregulation. There is currently limited information regarding how the TREM2-APOE pathway ultimately contributes to AD risk, and downstream mechanisms of this pathway are unknown.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: TBI is the 3rd greatest risk factor for developing AD, behind genetics and aging. TBI is associated with a 3-4 year earlier onset of cognitive impairment, and increased cortical thinning and amyloid plaques in people with AD. The underlying mechanisms of this relationship are not understood, and as a result there are no treatments that protect patients from accelerated AD after TBI.

Cervical spine infection arising from chronic paronychia: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Cervical spine pyogenic infection (CSPI) is a rare and challenging form of spinal infection that is typically caused by pyogenic bacteria and primarily affects the cervical vertebral bodies and surrounding tissues. Given its nonspecific symptoms, such as fever and neck pain, early diagnosis is crucial to prevent severe complications, including spinal cord injury. We report a previously unreported case of acute CSPI arising from chronic paronychia, exploring its diagnostic and therapeutic challenges through a review of the current literature.