Natterin-like and legumain insect gut proteins promote the multiplication of a vector-borne bacterial plant pathogen.

Phytoplasmas are phloem-limited plant pathogenic bacteria causing diseases in many plant species. They are transmitted by Hemipteran insect species in a persistent-propagative manner. Phytoplasmas are wall-less, and their membrane proteins are involved in pathogen internalization into host cells.

RNA interference protocols for gene silencing in the spittlebug Philaenus spumarius, vector of Xylella fastidiosa.

RNA interference (RNAi) is double stranded RNA (dsRNA)-based gene silencing mechanism. Exogenous dsRNAs application to crops has raised as a powerful tool to control agricultural pests. In particular, several sap-feeder are important plant pathogens vectors, such as Philaenus spumarius, known as main vector of Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), causal agent of olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) in southern Italy.

Plant Reproductive Success Mediated by Nectar Offered to Pollinators and Defensive Ants in Terrestrial Bromeliaceae.

Most plants produce floral nectar to attract pollinators that impact pollination and seed production; some of them also secrete extrafloral nectar harvested by insects that may influence the plant reproductive success. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of excluding pollinators and/or ants on the per-plant reproductive success in two species ( Griseb. and Baker, Bromeliaceae) that produce floral and extrafloral nectar.

Contaminant dynamics in honey bees and hive products of apiaries from environmentally contrasting Argentinean regions.

Argentina is a leading honey producer and honey bees are also critical for pollination services and wild plants. At the same time, it is a major crop producer with significant use of insecticides, posing risks to bees. Therefore, the presence of the highly toxic insecticide chlorpyrifos, and forbidden contaminants (organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)) was investigated in honey bee, beebread, wax and honey samples in apiaries from three contrasting regions of Argentina.

Ocular Surface Evaluation after Switch from Latanoprost 0.005% to Latanoprostene Bunod 0.024.

Aim And Background: To evaluate the ocular surface of patients treated with latanoprost (LT) 0.005% who switched to latanoprostene bunod (LBN) 0.024%.