Effects of short- and long-term exercise on urinary cGMP excretion in healthy subjects and in patients with coronary artery disease.

The possibility that systemic formation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) could reflect the level of cardiovascular fitness was investigated. The relations between physical activity and systemic formation of cGMP were evaluated in healthy volunteers and in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). No significant differences were observed in the basal urinary excretion of cGMP in highly trained runners, sedentary subjects, and in patients with CAD, despite the large differences in aerobic exercise training between groups.

Urinary excretion of nitric oxide metabolites in runners, sedentary individuals and patients with coronary artery disease: effects of 42 km marathon, 15 km race and a cardiac rehabilitation program.

Background: The mechanisms by which regular exercise is associated with decreases in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality are unknown. Nitric oxide (NO) may have a role, as it is known to be an important factor in cardiovascular regulation. The relationships between physical activity and systemic formation of NO were evaluated in healthy volunteers and in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

[Exercise and nutrition].

Aerobic exercise, particularly that of long duration and/or intensity, requires careful consideration of dietary aspects. The most important energy source are carbohydrates, and they must provide the majority of daily calories. Adequate hydration before and during exercise is the key to avoid hyperthermia.