Iodine Activation from Iodate Reduction in Aqueous Films via Photocatalyzed and Dark Reactions.

Iodine in the atmosphere destroys ozone and can nucleate particles by formation of iodic acid, HIO. Recent field observations suggest iodate recycles from particles sustaining significant gas-phase IO radical concentrations (0.06 pptv) in aged stratospheric air, and in elevated dust plumes.

Diagnosis and management of dilated cardiomyopathy: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and recommendations.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is extensively discussed in numerous expert consensus documents and international guidelines, with differing recommendations. To support clinicians in daily practice and decision-making, we conducted a systematic review of key guidelines and recommendations concerning the diagnosis and clinical management of DCM. Our research encompassed MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for relevant articles published, as well as the websites of relevant scientific societies.

Multiphase Chemistry in the Atmosphere.

Earth's atmosphere comprises a complex mix of gas and condensed phases, where condensed phases facilitate multiphase chemical reactions that would not occur in the gas phase alone. These reactions drive dynamic physical and chemical processes across various spatial and temporal scales, playing a crucial role in the cycling of atmospheric trace constituents. Multiphase chemistry significantly influences geochemical cycles, human health, and climate.

[TNBC, stage IV: a patient's journey, from standard options to the new era of ADC.].

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) continues to be the most aggressive molecular subtype of breast cancer and the optimal therapeutic management is still a challenge. Due to the lack of "traditional" molecular targets, for decades, systemic treatment has been characterized by the use of classic cytotoxic drugs. In recent years, it has been proved that TNBC is not represented by a single pathology lack of specific features, but of different entities with distinct genetic, histological and clinical alterations.

Direct observation of the complex S(IV) equilibria at the liquid-vapor interface.

The multi-phase oxidation of S(IV) plays a crucial role in the atmosphere, leading to the formation of haze and severe pollution episodes. We here contribute to its understanding on a molecular level by reporting experimentally determined pK values of the various S(IV) tautomers and reaction barriers for SO formation pathways. Complementary state-of-the-art molecular-dynamics simulations reveal a depletion of bisulfite at low pH at the liquid-vapor interface, resulting in a different tautomer ratio at the interface compared to the bulk.