Using social media in Kenya to quantify road safety: an analysis of novel data.

Background: Road traffic injuries are a large and growing cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries, especially in Africa. Systematic data collection for traffic incidents in Kenya is lacking and in many low- and middle-income countries available data sources are disparate or missing altogether. Many Kenyans use social media platforms, including Twitter; many road traffic incidents are publicly reported on the microblog platform.

Beta-thiopropionyl cytochromes c modified at lysyl residues: preparation and characterization of the monosubstituted horse cytochromes c.

beta-Thiopropionyl derivatives of horse cytochrome c singly modified at each of 18 different lysine epsilon-amino groups have been prepared using sulfosuccinimidyl-2-(biotinamido)ethyl-1,3-dithiopropionate and purified to homogeneity by high-pressure liquid chromatography. These derivatives were characterized by determination of: (i) the location of the modification; (ii) reduction potentials; (iii) visible and NMR spectra: and by (iv) measurement of electron transfer activity with cytochrome-c oxidase. No significant changes in structure were indicated, except for the ferric forms of the derivatives modified at lysines 72, 73, and 79 which are discussed separately.

Purification and initial characterization of rat B49 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor.

The rat glial cell line B49 releases into its culture medium a potent neurotrophic factor that exhibits relative specificity for the dopaminergic neurons in dissociated cultures of rat embryonic midbrain. This factor is a heparin-binding, basic protein that is heterogeneously glycosylated and migrates on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and on molecular sieve chromatography with an apparent mass of approximately 33-45 kDa. The factor behaves like a disulfide-bonded homodimer, whose biological activity is destroyed by reduction of disulfide bonds but not by SDS-PAGE or reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC.

Arsenate reductase of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pI258.

Arsenate reductase encoded by Staphylococcus aureus arsenic-resistance plasmid pI258 was overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified. The purified enzyme reduced radioactive arsenate to arsenite when coupled to thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and NADPH. NADPH oxidation coupled to arsenate reduction also required thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase.

Cloning and sequence comparisons of four distinct cysteine proteases expressed by Haemonchus contortus adult worms.

Three new members of a developmentally regulated cysteine protease gene family of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus have been isolated and characterized. One of the new genes, AC-3, was found to be linked in tandem to the previously characterized AC-2 gene. Nucleotide sequence analyses revealed that the first 90 amino acids of AC-3 are organized into four exons, similar to the situation in AC-2.