A Study of the Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk Supply Chain over a Seven-Year Period (2014-2020): Human Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization in the Population of Central Italy.

Aflatoxin food contamination represents a rising global issue that will continue to increase due to climate change. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is of high concern for the whole dairy industry. In light of AFM1's harmful potential, a human health exposure assessment and risk characterization were performed for all age populations of central Italy with regard to milk and cheese consumption by means of the margin of exposure (MOE).

Incidence of ionophore and non-ionophore anticoccidials residues in poultry meat and eggs and their risk characterization.

A multi-residue method was applied to investigate the incidence and the concentration of ionophores and non-ionophore anticoccidials residues in poultry meat and hen eggs for the three-year period 2017-2019 in Italy. The risk related to the ingestion of such molecules was also characterized for the entire population. The average incidences of positive samples ranged from 1.

Occurrence and Residue Concentration of Coccidiostats in Feed and Food of Animal Origin; Human Exposure Assessment.

Occurring central Italy, 262 unmedicated feed samples and 353 samples of animal tissues and eggs are tested for coccidiostats between 2012 and 2017. A validated multi-residue HPLC-MS/MS method is applied for the simultaneous determination of the 11 coccidiostats licensed in the EU. The dietary exposure to coccidiostats through poultry meat and eggs is calculated for high consumers, and the contribution to acceptable daily intake of coccidiostats is evaluated.

Development and validation of a multiresidue liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for 11 coccidiostats in feed.

A confirmatory method for the determination of 11 regulated coccidiostats including the ionophore antibiotics lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin, narasin, salinomycin, and semduramicin and the chemical coccidiostats decoquinate, diclazuril, halofuginone, nicarbazin, and robenidine in animal feed was developed and validated. The procedure was intended for the identification and quantification of the coccidiostats at concentrations relating both to the unintentional carryover as stated in Regulation 574/2011 and to the authorized levels in target feed. The analytes were determined by LC/MS/MS in the positive or negative electrospray ionization mode.

Development and validation of a multi-residue liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmatory method for eleven coccidiostats in eggs.

A confirmatory method for the determination of residues of eleven coccidiostats including ionophore antibiotics: lasalocid, maduramycin, monensin, narasin, salinomycin, semduramycin and chemical coccidiostats: decoquinate, diclazuril, halofuginone, nicarbazin and robenidine in poultry eggs was developed and validated. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile, defatted with hexane and cleaned-up on a silica SPE cartridge. The analytes were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).