Economic burden of respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses in children of upper-middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Objective: To identify and assess the current evidence available about the costs of managing hospitalized pediatric patients diagnosed with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (PIV3) in upper-middle-income countries.

Methods: The authors conducted a systematic review across seven key databases from database inception to July 2022. Costs extracted were converted into 2022 International Dollars using the Purchasing Power Parity-adjusted.

Risk perception of automotive fuel poisoning among gas station attendants.

Introduction: Everyday, gas station attendants ate exposed to numerous toxic substances found in fuels. Benzene stands out among these toxic chemical agents; depending on its concentration, it can cause mucosal irritation or even pulmonary edema. A considerable number of gas station attendants is aware of the risks associated with benzene poisoning, but they are not aware of the risks associated with other automotive pollutants.

REDS study: Retrospective effectiveness study of dalbavancin and other standard of care of the same IV antibiotic class in patients with ABSSSI.

Objectives: Acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections (ABSSSIs) are a common source of morbidity in both the community and hospital settings. The current standard of care (SoC) requires multiple-dose intravenous (IV) regimens, which are associated with high hospitalisation rates, concomitant event risks and costs. Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide, long-acting antibiotic that is effective against Gram-positive microorganisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

In-vitro NET-osis induced by COVID-19 sera is associated to severe clinical course in not vaccinated patients and immune-dysregulation in breakthrough infection.

Since neutrophil extracellular traps formation (NET-osis) can be assessed indirectly by treating healthy neutrophils with blood-derived fluids from patients and then measuring the NETs response, we designed a pilot study to convey high-dimensional cytometry of peripheral blood immune cells and cytokines, combined with clinical features, to understand if NET-osis assessment could be included in the immune risk profiling to early prediction of clinical patterns, disease severity, and viral clearance at 28 days in COVID-19 patients. Immune cells composition of peripheral blood, cytokines concentration and in-vitro NETosis were detected in peripheral blood of 41 consecutive COVID-19 inpatients, including 21 mild breakthrough infections compared to 20 healthy donors, matched for sex and age. Major immune dysregulation in peripheral blood in not-vaccinated COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects included: a significant reduction of percentage of unswitched memory B-cells and transitional B-cells; loss of naïve CD3CD4CD45RA and CD3CD8CD45RA cells, increase of IL-1β, IL-17A and IFN-γ.

Hospitalization costs of coronaviruses diseases in upper-middle-income countries: A systematic review.

Background: COVID-19, SARS and MERS are diseases that present an important health burden worldwide. This situation demands resource allocation to the healthcare system, affecting especially middle- and low-income countries. Thus, identifying the main cost drivers is relevant to optimize patient care and resource allocation.