Vesicoureteral Reflux in Transplanted Kidney Among Children With Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract: Case-Control Study Assessing Impact on Renal Function and Graft Survival.

Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a common cause of kidney failure in childhood. Renal transplantation is the modality of treatment used for kidney failure that promotes improved quality of life for pediatric patients. It is believed that patients with CAKUT are more predisposed to developing graft reflux in the post-transplant period, but its influence on graft survival is poorly understood.

Strategy to Enable and Accelerate Kidney Transplant in Small Children and Results of the First 130 Transplants in Children ≤15 kg in a Single Center.

Background: Proper care of young children in need of kidney transplant (KT) requires many skilled professionals and an expensive hospital structure. Small children have lesser access to KT.

Methods: We describe a strategy performed in Brazil to enable and accelerate KT in children ≤15 kg based on the establishment of one specialized transplant center, focused on small children, and cooperating with distant centers throughout the country.

IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome newly affects 1-3 per 100,000 children per year. Approximately 85% of cases show complete remission of proteinuria following glucocorticoid treatment. Patients who do not achieve complete remission within 4-6 weeks of glucocorticoid treatment have steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS).