Exposure to Lead in Drinking Water Causes Cognitive Impairment via an Alzheimer's Disease Gene-Dependent Mechanism in Adult Mice.

Background: Exposure to lead (Pb) is a major public health problem that could occur through contaminated soil, air, food, or water, either during the course of everyday life, or while working in hazardous occupations. Although Pb has long been known as a neurodevelopmental toxicant in children, a recent and growing body of epidemiological research indicates that cumulative, low-level Pb exposure likely drives age-related neurologic dysfunction in adults. Environmental Pb exposure in adulthood has been linked to risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia.

Borrelia burgdorferi Engages Mammalian Type I IFN Responses via the cGAS-STING Pathway.

Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is a spirochete that modulates numerous host pathways to cause a chronic, multisystem inflammatory disease in humans. B. burgdorferi infection can lead to Lyme carditis, neurologic complications, and arthritis because of the ability of specific borrelial strains to disseminate, invade, and drive inflammation.

Methyl Salicylate, an Odor-Active Compound in Bordeaux Red Wines Produced without Sulfites Addition.

Red wines produced without the addition of any SO are currently the source of a new consumer trend. The first characterization approaches regarding these specific wines were devoted to sensory studies that highlighted differences according to the use of SO during winemaking. The goal of this paper is to extend our knowledge of such aromatic specificities.

Yeast and Filamentous Fungi Microbial Communities in Organic Red Grape Juice: Effect of Vintage, Maturity Stage, SO, and Bioprotection.

Changes are currently being made to winemaking processes to reduce chemical inputs [particularly sulfur dioxide (SO)] and adapt to consumer demand. In this study, yeast growth and fungal diversity were investigated in merlot during the prefermentary stages of a winemaking process without addition of SO. Different factors were considered, in a two-year study: vintage, maturity level and bioprotection by the adding yeast as an alternative to SO.

The Adenylate Cyclase, CyaB, Is Important for Virulence Factor Production and Mammalian Infection.

, the causative agent of Lyme disease, traverses through vastly distinct environments between the tick vector and the multiple phases of the mammalian infection that requires genetic adaptation for the progression of pathogenesis. Borrelial gene expression is highly responsive to changes in specific environmental signals that initiate the RpoS regulon for mammalian adaptation, but the mechanism(s) for direct detection of environmental cues has yet to be identified. Secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) produced by adenylate cyclase is responsive to environmental signals, such as carbon source and pH, in many bacterial pathogens to promote virulence by altering gene regulation.