Potential Utility of Circulating MicroRNA-483 as a Biomarker for IGF-II-Associated Non-Islet Cell Tumor Hypoglycemia.

Context: In most cases of non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH), high molecular weight forms of insulin-like growth factor II, commonly referred to as big IGF-II, cause hypoglycemia. MicroRNA-483 (miR-483), encoded within an intron of IGF2 gene, has been suggested to be co-expressed with IGF-II.

Objective: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the utility and reliability of circulating miR-483 as a biomarker for diagnosis and therapeutic outcome of NICTH.

Apolipoprotein A-I priming via SR-BI and ABCA1 receptor binding upregulates mitochondrial metabolism to promote insulin secretion in INS-1E cells.

Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), the primary component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol primes β-cells to increase insulin secretion, however, the mechanisms involved are not fully defined. Here, we aimed to confirm ApoA-I receptors in β-cells and delineate ApoA-I-receptor pathways in β-cell insulin output. An LRC-TriCEPS experiment was performed using the INS-1E rat β-cell model and ApoA-I for unbiased identification of ApoA-I receptors.

IGFBP7 is upregulated in islets from T2D donors and reduces insulin secretion.

Intra-islet crosstalk has become a focus area to fully understand the regulation of insulin secretion and impaired β-cell function in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we put forward evidence for insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) as a potential protein involved in autocrine and paracrine β-cell regulation. We showed presence of IGFBP7 in granules of both human α- and β-cells and measured elevated gene expression as well as IGFBP7 protein in T2D.

Beyond insulin: Unraveling the complex interplay of ER stress, oxidative damage, and CFTR modulation in CFRD.

CF-related diabetes (CFRD) is a prevalent comorbidity in people with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), significantly impacting morbidity and mortality rates. This review article critically evaluates the current understanding of CFRD molecular mechanisms, including the role of CFTR protein, oxidative stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) and intracellular communication. CFRD manifests from a complex interplay between exocrine pancreatic damage and intrinsic endocrine dysfunction, further complicated by the deleterious effects of misfolded CFTR protein on insulin secretion and action.

MicroRNA 29 modulates β-cell mitochondrial metabolism and insulin secretion via underlying miR-29-OXPHOS complex pathways.

Aim: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate β-cell function, and β-cell mitochondria and insulin secretion are perturbed in diabetes. We aimed to identify key miRNAs regulating β-cell mitochondrial metabolism and novel β-cell miRNA-mitochondrial pathways.

Methods: TargetScan (http://www.