Transient early-childhood hyperkalaemia without salt wasting, pathophysiological approach of three cases.

Two types of early childhood hyperkalemia had been recognized, according to the presence or absence of urinary salt wasting. This condition was attributed to a maturation disorder of aldosterone receptors and is characterized by sustained hyperkalemia, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (MA) due to reduced ammonium urinary excretion and bicarbonate loss, and normal creatinine with growth delay. We present 3 patients of the type without salt wasting, which we will call transient early-childhood hyperkalemia (TECHH) without salt wasting, and discuss its physiopathology according to new insights into sodium and potassium handling by the aldosterone in distal nephron.

Transient early-childhood hyperkalemia without salt wasting, physiopathological approach of three cases.

Two types of early-childhood hyperkalemia had been recognized, according to the presence or absence of urinary salt wasting. This condition was attributed to a maturation disorder of aldosterone receptors and is characterized by sustained hyperkalemia, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis due to reduced ammonium urinary excretion and bicarbonate loss, and normal creatinine with growth delay. We present three patients of the type without salt wasting, which we will call transient early-childhood hyperkalemia without salt wasting, and discuss its physiopathology according to new insights into sodium and potassium handling by the aldosterone in distal nephron.

[Maillard reaction. Pathogenic effects].

Certain organoleptic modifications by way of processing and cooking foods at high temperatures in dry heat, make them especially appetizing and objects of addiction. It results from Maillard reaction, or glycation, consisting of the non-enzymatic union between carbonyl groups, mainly from reducing sugars as glucose and fructose, with the amino group of proteins and nucleic acids. In addition to physical changes, also the chemical structure and function of these compounds are changed.

Nephrotic syndrome due to immunoglobulin M mesangial glomerulonephritis preceding juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

The association between nephrotic syndrome and juvenile idiopathic arthritis have rarely been described in pediatric patients. We report a child with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome, with frequent relapses, who presented with a new relapse of nephrotic syndrome associated with arthritis and uveitis at 21 months in remission after treatment with chlorambucil. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis was diagnosed and kidney biopsy examination showed mesangial glomerulonephritis with immunoglobulin M deposits.

eIF4E/4E-BP ratio predicts the efficacy of mTOR targeted therapies.

Active-site mTOR inhibitors (asTORi) hold great promise for targeting dysregulated mTOR signaling in cancer. Because of the multifaceted nature of mTORC1 signaling, identification of reliable biomarkers for the sensitivity of tumors to asTORi is imperative for their clinical implementation. Here, we show that cancer cells acquire resistance to asTORi by downregulating eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF4E)-binding proteins (4E-BPs-EIF4EBP1, EIF4EBP2).