[Health has a cost].

Health has a cost, and in the face of declining purchasing power, many French people are forced to cut back on their healthcare spending, at the risk of damaging their health. For example, a chiropodist feels that some patients with a deforming forefoot pathology are depriving themselves of essential chiropody care, or are coming for consultations but at the expense of other leisure expenses. In this article, we present a study protocol designed to objectivize this phenomenon.

The Reissner fiber under tension in vivo shows dynamic interaction with ciliated cells contacting the cerebrospinal fluid.

The Reissner fiber (RF) is an acellular thread positioned in the midline of the central canal that aggregates thanks to the beating of numerous cilia from ependymal radial glial cells (ERGs) generating flow in the central canal of the spinal cord. RF together with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) form an axial sensory system detecting curvature. How RF, CSF-cNs and the multitude of motile cilia from ERGs interact in vivo appears critical for maintenance of RF and sensory functions of CSF-cNs to keep a straight body axis, but is not well-understood.

Dimensionality and Modularity of Adaptive Variation: Divergence in Threespine Stickleback from Diverse Environments.

AbstractPopulations are subjected to diverse environmental conditions that affect fitness and induce evolutionary or plastic responses, resulting in phenotypic divergence. Some authors contend that such divergence is concentrated along a single major axis of trait covariance even if that axis does not lead populations directly toward a fitness optimum. Other authors argue that divergence can occur readily along many phenotype axes at the same time.

Seizing the opportunity: the emergence of shared leadership during the deployment of an integrated performance management system.

Background: Performance management systems have been introduced in health and social services institutions to improve organizational performance, supporting the emergence of new management behaviors that are more rooted in collaborative management practices. This study aims to understand how different leadership styles emerge through the implementation of a performance management system and its related tools, and how these can foster distributed leadership.

Methods: Over two years, the implementation of an integrated performance management system supporting the integration of social services for children, youth, and families was studied at a recently merged Canadian healthcare organization.